Definition

Direction movement is a basic operation for moving one cell in a specific direction on a 2D grid. Using dx/dy arrays, we implement 4-directional (up/down/left/right) or 8-directional (including diagonals) movement.

Key Characteristics

• ✓4-directional: dx = {-1, 1, 0, 0}, dy = {0, 0, -1, 1} (up/down/left/right)
• ✓8-directional: 4-directional + 4 diagonal directions
• ✓Bounds check: 0 <= nx < N && 0 <= ny < M
• ✓Clockwise rotation: (dir + 1) % 4, Counter-clockwise: (dir + 3) % 4

Time Complexity